{"id":17711,"date":"2024-02-07T09:12:32","date_gmt":"2024-02-07T09:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/?p=17711"},"modified":"2024-02-07T09:49:33","modified_gmt":"2024-02-07T09:49:33","slug":"policijski-dronovi-mocni-alati-koji-se-koriste-bez-dovoljno-nadzora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/2024\/02\/07\/policijski-dronovi-mocni-alati-koji-se-koriste-bez-dovoljno-nadzora\/","title":{"rendered":"Watching Us: Serbian Police\u2019s Expanding Drone Arsenal Draws Concern"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"17711\" class=\"elementor elementor-17711\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a97f6b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"2a97f6b3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b34a1c0 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"5b34a1c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-528a17a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"528a17a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.7.8 - 02-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-container{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-container>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));-ms-flex-item-align:stretch;align-self:stretch;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.e-container>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-container>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-container>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e52073 elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"5e52073\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-theme-elements.min.css\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/aleksate%C5%A1i%C4%87\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAleksa Te\u0161i\u0107\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Investigative Journalist, BIRN Serbia<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dd256c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1dd256c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34a9be96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34a9be96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.7.8 - 02-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Brian Brkovic, an environmental activist, was surprised by a motionless drone a few meters in front of the window of his apartment in Novi Sad, northern Serbia, on a March morning in 2022.\u00a0<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Across the street, the Belgrade-Novi Sad railway line was being inaugurated by Serbian President Aleksandar Vu\u010di\u0107 and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban. It remains unclear if the drone was recording the gathering or Brkovi\u0107\u2019s apartment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe drone with a camera stood there for 30 minutes; the scene was Orwellian. I received no prior notification,\u201d Brkovic told BIRN, adding that he\u2019d noticed drones before \u2013 at environmental protests.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-844355e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"844355e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #e3b969;\"><a style=\"color: #e3b969;\" href=\"https:\/\/birn.rs\/mup-planira-nabavku-tehnologije-za-prepoznavanje-lica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MUP<\/a><\/span>\u00a0, Serbia\u2019s Ministry of the Interior, in recent years has acquired various advanced drones, a BIRN analysis of public procurement data reveals. These aircraft use sensors and artificial intelligence for flights, real-time imaging, as well as high-quality cameras and powerful zooms. Some have the option of additional features, allowing them to gather biometric data.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-377a3bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"377a3bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e1f22b elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-blockquote--button-color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"7e1f22b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor-pro - v3.7.7 - 20-09-2022 *\/\n@charset \"UTF-8\";.entry-content blockquote.elementor-blockquote:not(.alignright):not(.alignleft),.entry-summary blockquote.elementor-blockquote{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}.elementor-widget-blockquote blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;outline:0;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent;quotes:none;border:0;font-style:normal;color:#55595c}.elementor-widget-blockquote blockquote:after,.elementor-widget-blockquote blockquote:before,.elementor-widget-blockquote blockquote cite:after,.elementor-widget-blockquote blockquote cite:before,.elementor-widget-blockquote blockquote footer:after,.elementor-widget-blockquote blockquote footer:before{content:\"\";content:none}.elementor-blockquote{-webkit-transition:.3s;-o-transition:.3s;transition:.3s}.elementor-blockquote__author,.elementor-blockquote__content{margin-bottom:0;font-style:normal}.elementor-blockquote__author{font-weight:700}.elementor-blockquote 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.elementor-blockquote__tweet-button,.elementor-blockquote--button-skin-classic.elementor-blockquote--button-view-icon .elementor-blockquote__tweet-button{padding:0;width:2em;height:2em}.elementor-blockquote--button-skin-bubble.elementor-blockquote--button-view-icon .elementor-blockquote__tweet-button i,.elementor-blockquote--button-skin-classic.elementor-blockquote--button-view-icon .elementor-blockquote__tweet-button i{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.elementor-blockquote--button-skin-bubble .elementor-blockquote__tweet-button:before{content:\"\";border:.5em solid transparent;border-right-color:#1da1f2;position:absolute;left:-.8em;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%) scaleY(.65);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%) scaleY(.65);transform:translateY(-50%) scaleY(.65);-webkit-transition:.3s;-o-transition:.3s;transition:.3s}.elementor-blockquote--button-skin-bubble.elementor-blockquote--align-left .elementor-blockquote__tweet-button:before{right:auto;left:-.8em;border-right-color:#1da1f2;border-left-color:transparent}.elementor-blockquote--button-skin-bubble.elementor-blockquote--align-left .elementor-blockquote__tweet-button:hover:before{border-right-color:#0967a0}.elementor-blockquote--button-skin-bubble.elementor-blockquote--align-right .elementor-blockquote__tweet-button:before{left:auto;right:-.8em;border-right-color:transparent;border-left-color:#1da1f2}.elementor-blockquote--button-skin-bubble.elementor-blockquote--align-right .elementor-blockquote__tweet-button:hover:before{border-left-color:#0967a0}.elementor-blockquote--skin-boxed .elementor-blockquote{background-color:#e6e9ec;padding:30px}.elementor-blockquote--skin-border .elementor-blockquote{border-color:#e6e9ec;border-left:7px #e6e9ec;border-style:solid;padding-left:20px}.elementor-blockquote--skin-quotation .elementor-blockquote:before{content:\"\u201c\";font-size:100px;color:#e6e9ec;font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif;font-weight:900;line-height:1;display:block;height:.6em}.elementor-blockquote--skin-quotation .elementor-blockquote__content{margin-top:15px}.elementor-blockquote--align-left .elementor-blockquote__content{text-align:left}.elementor-blockquote--align-left .elementor-blockquote footer{-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.elementor-blockquote--align-right .elementor-blockquote__content{text-align:right}.elementor-blockquote--align-right .elementor-blockquote footer{-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse}.elementor-blockquote--align-center .elementor-blockquote{text-align:center}.elementor-blockquote--align-center .elementor-blockquote__author,.elementor-blockquote--align-center .elementor-blockquote footer{display:block}.elementor-blockquote--align-center .elementor-blockquote__tweet-button{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}<\/style>\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tPolice use of drones, however, is characterised by a lack of regulation and restrictions over their use, the data they collect and their storage, the experts say\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf85d75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"bf85d75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77e1c57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77e1c57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cDrones are a tool for civilian and military purposes that gather a vast amount of data, and if there is no clear legal regulation on how this data is stored, it is normal that they pose a threat to everyone\u2019s privacy,\u201d Svetlana Stanarevic, a professor at the Faculty of Security in Belgrade, told BIRN.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/birn.rs\/privatnost-na-internetu\/\">privatnost<\/a>\u00a0za sve.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf the recordings are used to identify individuals and create dossiers on citizens who\u2019ve [publicly] expressed dissatisfaction, that is prohibited. Citizens are quite uninformed about the possibilities of this new technology,\u201d she added.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae887fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ae887fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04a4e41 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-blockquote--button-color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"04a4e41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tPolice use drones, among other things, for rescue missions, border surveillance, monitoring illegal migration, firefighting, tracking individuals under investigation or on the run, and to access physically inaccessible terrain\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51bec1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"51bec1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f055ccf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f055ccf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The use of cameras is loosely regulated under Serbia\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs\/SlGlasnikPortal\/eli\/rep\/sgrs\/skupstina\/zakon\/2016\/6\/1\/reg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #e3b969;\">Law on Police<\/span><\/a>, last amended in 2018, and under the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs\/SlGlasnikPortal\/eli\/rep\/sgrs\/ministarstva\/pravilnik\/2020\/111\/1\/reg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #e3b969;\">Regulation on recordings in public places and the manner of communicating the intention to record,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0adopted in 2020.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The law states that the police have the right to record events in public spaces, \u201cwhen there is a danger that during a public gathering there may be a threat to the life and health of people or property\u201d \u2013 but that it is obliged to publicly announce it is recording in a specific public space.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Use of biometric cameras and surveillance of citizens is not legal in Serbia. The MUP tried to introduce amendments to laws allowing it to start gathering biometric data in 2021, after a series of protests against lithium mining, but the drafts <span style=\"color: #e3b969;\"><a style=\"color: #e3b969;\" href=\"https:\/\/birn.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Nekontrolisani-nadzor-novi-vid-pritiska-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">met a public backlash and were withdrawn<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cce057 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5cce057\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb53d60 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-blockquote--button-color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"bb53d60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tThe ministry did not respond to BIRN\u2019s questions about the models of drones it uses, the protocols specifying their usage, data collection and storage, pilot licensing, collaboration with private companies, and the security and privacy measures used to prevent the misuse of collected data\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff927b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ff927b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd869ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd869ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.7.8 - 02-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FEW DETAILS ON WHAT POLICE ARE BUYING<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf2795e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cf2795e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91b4756 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-blockquote--button-color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"91b4756\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tAlthough Serbian state institutions are obliged to publish data on public procurements on the public procurement website, it is almost impossible to find information on the police\u2019s purchase of drones. However, the website of the Public Procurement Office does provide data on purchases of software, maintenance services and additional equipment for drones. BIRN analysis of these data and of publicly available photographs and news of police equipment reveal some of the drone models that the police in Serbia use.\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-625ef42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"625ef42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chinese DJI drones are most commonly mentioned in procurements. Through public procurement searches, BIRN has also found data showing that the Serbian police possess Chinese Yuneec Typhoon Q500 drones as well as Romanian unmanned aerial Hirrus vehicles.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\" translation-block\">Publicly available photos of the Serbian Gendarmerie show that this police unit uses DJI Mavic 2 Pro Zoom drones, while news from the police website reveals that the traffic police received donated Yuneec Typhoon Q500 drones. The MUP itself procured maintainance for Hirrus drones, promoted for military and civilian purposes, for control of protests, firefighting, border and coastal surveillance, and tactical-intelligence reconnaissance.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Most Chinese DJI drones have an integrated intelligent flying option and automated \u201cactive tracking\u201d of objects, people, boats, and moving vehicles or circling around a predetermined \u201cpoint of interest\u201d, allowing the operator to control other functions, such as zooming, image sharpening, and framing.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The intelligent tracking mode in the DJI Matrice 300 model has the option of detecting, identifying, and counting objects or persons, measuring the area they occupy, detecting their geo-location from a distance of more than a kilometre, and tracking them in real-time.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This so-called \u201cSpot-check\u201d option allows the drone\u2019s camera to memorise a specific object or face and recognise it during subsequent recordings.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The DJI offers flight route automation, allowing predetermined coordinates and parameters to be set for the drone to fly automatically and use sensors to bypass obstacles.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>DJI Matrice 300 and 210 V2 models also have a \u201cstealth mode\u201d option that turns off all lights on the drone, making it inconspicuous in the night sky.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The load that the Serbian police\u2019s drones can carry ranges up to several kilograms. Greater load capacity means larger cameras or ability to carry more devices; besides cameras, these can include, among other things, speakers, radars, or lights. BIRN has no data on whether the Ministry of the Interior has purchased additional equipment for DJI aircraft. The police did not respond to BIRN\u2019s questions about acquisitions of additional equipment.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The prices of cameras purchased separately for DJI drones can cost as much as the aircraft itself, i.e. several thousand euros. The Chinese DJI catalogue, in addition to thermal cameras intensively used at night to detect thermal radiation, offers attachments for speakers and lights that are most commonly used in rescue missions.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Under certain conditions, thermal cameras can be used to measure body temperature, determine population density, count and detect faces in night-time conditions or in inaccessible terrain. A source close to the Serbian police told BIRN that such drones are most commonly used at borders to monitor illegal migration.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The official DJI user manual recommends avoiding the use of tracking functions on children and people and emphasises compliance with local laws.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In a brochure sponsored by the Chinese company DJI, which the Serbian police used, it is advised to justify the \u201cpublic purchase of drones\u201d by establishing clear rules for their application in public security services, transparency in storing recordings, and training drone pilots.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1251761 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1251761\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e16fcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e16fcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Serbian media mogul joins the production line<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a6ac09 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-blockquote--button-color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"9a6ac09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tPR-DC, owned by Zeljko Mitrovic, the owner of the popular pro-government commercial television Pink, also started producing drones in recent years, displaying them at Serbian Army exercises. President Aleksandar Vucic was seen visiting his stand during the Granite military exercise in April this year.\n\nMitrovic posted a video on YouTube in December 2022 explaining the various capabilities of his company\u2019s drones.\n\n\u201cIt [drone] quickly identifies suspicious individuals with artificial intelligence, those who are on some kind of wanted list or fleeing, and neutralises them until the security forces that controlled the drone from up to 20 km away arrive. We didn\u2019t even get a chance to showcase some [drones]; these are drones with a serious set of cameras on them, equipped with thermal vision cameras, powerful optics, which can recognise license plates at distances greater than a kilometre, in all conditions, day and night,\u201d Mitrovic told Pink.\u00a0\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-640b17a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"640b17a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27497bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27497bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Romanian Hirrus aircraft can reach over 100 kilometres per hour, while newer DJI models can go faster than 50 kilometres per hour. The newer models that the Serbian police uses also have durable batteries lasting at least 30 minutes, excluding the option of external power.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>These aircraft can also fly kilometres away from the control console and pilot. Hirrus aircraft have a transmission range of up to 15 kilometres. The Romanian company AFT, the manufacturer, refers to this option as \u201cover-the-hill\u201d transmission.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>While in some countries, like the United States and Canada, police and other authorities mainly may not operate a drone beyond the line of sight of the pilot, in Serbia this field is not legally regulated.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The DJI Avata drone used by SAJ is advertised as a mini-drone that fits in the hand and can \"sneak\" into previously inaccessible spaces. As the American non-governmental organization for privacy and technology Electronic Frontier Foundation writes, the intrusiveness of drones lies in their small dimensions and low noise they produce, compared to helicopters and airplanes that were once used for surveillance.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b7f174 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0b7f174\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c34cb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c34cb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Local authorities buy drones \u2013 don\u2019t register them<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07024dc elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-blockquote--button-color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"07024dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tOther public institutions, such as municipalities, public enterprises and educational institutions also use professional drones. Some have not registered their aircraft with the Directorate of Civil Aviation, although they are obliged to do so.\n\nSerbian municipalities such as Raska, Cacak, Apatin, Mali Zvornik, Cajetina, Paracin, Grocka, Lazarevac, Kovin, Merosina and Zajecar, the public utility company Beogradske Elektrane, the utility company Vode Vojvodine and Transnafta have all acquired unmanned aerial vehicles, but not reported them to the Directorate of Civil Aviation\u2019s registry.\u00a0\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59791f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"59791f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b940a73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b940a73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">CHINESE DRONES COME WITH POWERFUL CAMERAS<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4edd65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c4edd65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-706c418 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"706c418\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The cameras on police drones are characterised by high-quality video recording and a resolution of up to 4K, making them a powerful tool for monitoring and documenting events. DJI Mavic 2 models have a 32x zoom, Mavic 3 has a 56x zoom, and aircrafts from the Matrice series have a maximum zoom of 200x.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Dragan Simic, owner and director of the company Cyber Security and Defence, told BIRN that even lower-class drones than those used by Serbian police could be used for secret recording, as their high-quality cameras allow them to clearly record faces from great distances.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWith higher-quality zoom, it is possible to obtain quality footage without the aircraft being in the field of view of the observed person\u201d, says Simic. He emphasised that there is no regulation limiting private individuals from modifying the aircraft and their cameras.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Since 2018, all DJI drones have the option of transmitting video signals to a control centre, allowing real-time monitoring and analysis of drone footage from police monitoring centres.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>BIRN has previously reported on\u00a0<span style=\"color: #e3b969;\"><a style=\"color: #e3b969;\" href=\"https:\/\/birn.rs\/policija-srbije-nabavila-softver-za-prepoznavanje-lica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analytical software procured by the Serbian police<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc8b789 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"dc8b789\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5817daa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5817daa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>DJI and development of facial recognition technology\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7297279 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-blockquote--button-color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"7297279\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tWhile DJI aircraft do not have an integrated facial recognition option, the open-source DJI software allows the installation of various software extensions. A dedicated section of the DJI company website is open to programmers and software extension exchange.\n\nThe Unleash application, promoted by the company on its website, is available to corporate clients and provides advanced artificial intelligence-based modules, such as automatic identification of predefined motifs, determination of population density, detection of individuals and objects, analysis of vehicle behaviour, traffic congestion, and groups of people. It also offers the option of centralised real-time footage from various sources, such as cameras on drones, traffic cameras, and police uniform cameras.\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2501dd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2501dd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c3d517 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c3d517\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">REGULATIONS DON\u2019T APPLY TO THE POLICE<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e728bcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e728bcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7821c56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7821c56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The use of drones in Serbia in general is regulated by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs\/SlGlasnikPortal\/eli\/rep\/sgrs\/drugidrzavniorganiorganizacije\/pravilnik\/2020\/1\/2\/reg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #e3b969;\">egulation on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles<\/span><\/a>, but this regulation does not apply to the police, army and customs. Therefore, restrictions such as those stating that drones cannot fly higher than 100 meters, near to people or government institutions, do not apply to the police.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ana Toskic Cvetinovic, from the non-governmental organisation Partners Serbia, say the police use of drones is poorly regulated.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-579dd91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"579dd91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78ef600 elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-blockquote--button-color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"78ef600\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\u201cUnlike street cameras that cannot move, drones are much more invasive, having unlimited capability to intrude into any private space, yards, terraces; they can fly over these areas. For cameras, there is a prior assessment of why each camera is in a specific location; drones do not have that kind of restriction, someone controls the drone, and it is a question of how the person operating it assesses which positions are necessary for recording,\u201d Toskic Cvetinovic says.\u00a0\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a51e29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1a51e29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea377e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea377e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Drones have been used in Serbia to record civil protests, and a former Commissioner for Personal Data Protection Rodoljub Sabic says the police have failed often to inform the public about the details of these recordings in recent years.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbdc5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5cbdc5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3c4c7c elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-blockquote--button-color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"b3c4c7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\u201cInforming the public about recording is not a matter of goodwill but a strict obligation of the police. Both the Law on Police and the corresponding sub-law act [\u2026] explicitly stipulate the obligation of the police to inform the public about the intention to record.\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e54dda elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0e54dda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0888e16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0888e16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cWhile the police generally fulfils its obligation to inform, there have been cases when this obligation was neglected,\u201d Sabic says.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Sabic believes that police drones with integrated capabilities for automatic tracking of a person or object, determining their exact geolocation, counting people or objects in a crowd, as well as the possibility to additional instal face recognition features, \u201ccan be very effectively abused for covert tracking purposes\u201d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d22c891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d22c891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcfec1d elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-blockquote--button-color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"fcfec1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\u201cThere are no legal grounds in our country for the use of any option involving tracking and identification based on biometric characteristics, and the possibilities of abuse are obvious. Especially in the absence of precise instructions on use of these features and any oversight, it is possible to track not only criminals but also political opponents, people from the civil sector, critically inclined journalists, and the like,\u201d Sabic points out.\u00a0\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e632bde elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e632bde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a29208 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a29208\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Toskic Cvetinovic says the Ministry of the Interior should inform the public not only about recordings but also about the devices it will use.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCitizens should know if the software installed on the drone restricts any of their rights. If the police apply covert surveillance to a large number of people, if drones are being used for recordings, the capabilities of the devices should be specified. The same goes for the street cameras, regardless if they only record streets or also recognise license plates. A drone cannot be treated like an ordinary camera,\u201d Toskic Cvetinovic says.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Sabic accepts that the trend towards police robotisation and depersonalisation is global but adds that, \u201cdespite this, there is no doubt that the issue of police use of drones must be regulated as precisely as possible\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAlthough the use of new technologies in police work can significantly contribute to its efficiency, it must inevitably have limits\u201d, he concludes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46b24b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"46b24b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3618d1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3618d1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Powerful accessories<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eb6f0a elementor-blockquote--skin-border elementor-blockquote--button-color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"1eb6f0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tAt the beginning of the Covid pandemic, police in some countries used drones to measure compliance with anti-pandemic measures. China used drones to monitor whether citizens were respecting quarantine and other measures, by warning citizens through speakers attached to drones.\n\nSimilar events occurred in Belgium and France; however, the use of drones for these purposes was quickly banned in these countries. In France, the courts passed two decisions in 2020 to ban the use of police drones for the purpose of controlling quarantine measures and monitoring protests, following pressure from civil sector, concerned about drone surveillance leading to further intrusive police measures that would compromise citizens\u2019 privacy.\n\nThe international non-governmental organisation Privacy International highlights the practice of police attaching surveillance equipment for intercepting mobile communication and monitoring electronic data of assembled citizens, known as IMSI catchers, to aircraft during mass protests.\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21197c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"21197c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffbd71c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ffbd71c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">RISK OF BEING HACKED<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09d6868 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"09d6868\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95e397f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95e397f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chinese DJI drones, predominantly used by the MUP, have numerous vulnerabilities and are susceptible to hacking according to data obtained and published by foreign cybersecurity experts in recent years.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In March this year, German researchers discovered 16 vulnerabilities in the DJI aircrafts\u2019 systems and accompanying applications, including those in the series of Mavic 2 drones, such as those owned by the Serbian police.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Instructions for hacking DJI no-fly zones, which protect strategic positions and airports, are available online, and data from the DJI Aeroscope drone detection program leaked at the end of last year, reveal serial numbers and pilot locations.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn terms of architecture, DJI is a specific system where certain information is sent to central DJI servers, such as the pilot\u2019s location and drone route. This storage itself poses a serious security risk, it\u2019s something other drones do not have,\u201d a Serbian expert on unmanned aerial vehicles told BIRN.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d785840 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d785840\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-755dab3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"755dab3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Source:<\/p>\n<p>BIRN (srb) <span style=\"color: #e3b969;\"><a style=\"color: #e3b969;\" href=\"https:\/\/birn.rs\/upotreba-policijskih-dronova-bez-dovoljno-kontrole\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Balkan Insight (eng) <a href=\"https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2023\/12\/29\/watching-us-serbian-polices-expanding-drone-arsenal-draws-concern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #e3b969;\">&gt;&gt;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Serbia has been acquiring ever more sophisticated drones for years \u2013 but experts say the lack of regulation and oversight is disturbing, and creates opportunities for abuse.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31,32,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17711","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digitalprivacy","category-digitalsurveillance","category-srbija"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17711","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17711"}],"version-history":[{"count":40,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17711\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17751,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17711\/revisions\/17751"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17711"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17711"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17711"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}