{"id":17753,"date":"2024-02-13T14:12:39","date_gmt":"2024-02-13T14:12:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/?p=17753"},"modified":"2024-07-11T10:21:46","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T10:21:46","slug":"spyware-vs-novinari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/2024\/02\/13\/spyware-vs-novinari\/","title":{"rendered":"Spyware vs. Journalists"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"17753\" class=\"elementor elementor-17753\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-49357bed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"49357bed\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_ae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ab5082 ae-bg-gallery-type-default\" data-id=\"3ab5082\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-998c6c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"998c6c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.7.8 - 02-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-container{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-container>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));-ms-flex-item-align:stretch;align-self:stretch;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.e-container>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-container>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-container>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa6dc13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"fa6dc13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-theme-elements.min.css\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMilana Pisari\u0107\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Novi Sad<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48841c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"48841c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b645fed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b645fed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.7.8 - 02-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>True journalism is the backbone of modern democracy and the backbone of the rule of law. A high degree of freedom and independence of the media enables the general public to realize its right to information, to be aware of positive development trends, but also to draw its attention to illegal, and generally negative phenomena in society and the state. The elements and criteria for evaluating media freedom and independence are recognized at the international level, and the protection of journalistic sources is of the utmost importance. Freedom of expression is the essential foundation of a democratic society, and media freedom is necessary for its healthy functioning, so the guarantees that should be provided to journalists are of particular significance. Despite this, the practice of security services following and eavesdropping on them, through optical and technical surveillance, has been present for decades. What we are witnessing today, which is made possible by technological development, is the digital surveillance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60ff910 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"60ff910\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b6c8b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b6c8b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It's no secret that police and intelligence services are expanding the depth and breadth of their surveillance over public and civic space. New technologies are radically transforming the ability to track and collect, categorize, store, analyze, cross-reference and share data. Penetration into citizens' digital privacy is an inevitable consequence of such surveillance, since most digital surveillance technologies are highly invasive of human rights and freedoms. Although these technologies are deployed under the guise of protecting a democratic society, this is often done without an adequate legal basis or democratic oversight. Of particular concern is the use of tools for digital surveillance and monitoring of persons who are not suspected of any criminal offense.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a55d1a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a55d1a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b16106a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b16106a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>During the last few years, reports with documented cases have been released to the public that indicate that states procure and (mis)use spyware to target public figures, among them: journalists, activists, politicians, lawyers. As a consequence, political scandals followed, international and non-governmental organizations for the protection of human rights and professional associations of journalists announced, several court proceedings were initiated, a committee was formed to examine the use of this tool in the European Union...<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4681950 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4681950\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-966abb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"966abb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The use of spyware by security services allow them to remotely gain access to a journalists\u2019 mobile phone or computer, to surveil, search and seize the contents of the device, to monitor and intercept communications, to monitor their activities, connections and locations both in cyber and physical space, all of this, of course, without their knowledge and consent. The use of spyware not only endangers the human rights of journalists, but this type of behavior calls into question the international legal standards of media freedom, so one can reasonably doubt democratic values and the rule of law.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06f2e38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"06f2e38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2596b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2596b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In this paper the author analyzes the legal side of using spyware to remotely search journalists' computers and monitor their communications, locations and activities, and considers the legitimacy and legality of these types of digital surveillance through the prism of media freedom established in international standards and in the practice of international courts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c3f8d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8c3f8d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de0eafe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de0eafe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Read more: <span style=\"color: #ead181;\">M. Pisari\u0107, \u201e\u0160pijunski softver protiv novinara\u201c, Tematski zbornik radova me\u0111unarodnog zna\u010daja, VIII me\u0111unarodni nau\u010dni skup <em>Mediji, kazneno pravo i pravosu\u0111e<\/em>, Institut za uporedno pravo, Institut za kriminolo\u0161ka i sociolo\u0161ka istra\u017eivanja, Pravosudna akademija, Beograd, 2024, str. 443-467\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91151fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"91151fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26255d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26255d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\" translation-block\">Source <span style=\"color: #ead181\"><a style=\"color: #ead181\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/povreda-podataka-o-liC48Dnosti-zlatko-petroviC487\/?trackingId=XFCkQ48TKCv0woOAZzMhA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The use of spyware against journalists through the prism of established international standards of human rights, freedom of expression and freedom of the media<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digitalsurveillance"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17753","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17753"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17753\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17801,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17753\/revisions\/17801"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cybercrime.rs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}